Solar Reference Cells
See Also: PV Cell, References, Photovoltaic Reference Cells, Solar Simulators, Solar Irradiance
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Product
Calibrated Solar Reference Cell
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To insure repeatable testing on any solar simulator, OAI offers 2cm x 2cm calibrated reference cells. Standard reference cell calibration cycles can be set up by OAI''s calibration laboratory to insure that your reference cell maintains certification.
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Product
Solar Reference Cell
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The Solar Reference Cells consist of a 20 mm x 20 mm monocrystalline silicon Photovoltaic Cell encased in a 92 mm x 70 mm x 16 mm metal enclosure with a protective quartz window and a temperature sensor. Designed for calibrating the irradiance of solar simulators used for testing solar cells and modules.
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Product
Power Meters and Calibration Cells
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The Solar Reference Cell consist of a 20 x 20 mm monocrystalline silicon Photovoltaic Cell encased in a 92 x 70 x 16 mm metal enclosure with a protective quartz window and a temperature sensor. The temperature sensor is a 100 ohm platinum Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD).The Solar Reference Cells come with a Certificate of Calibration and compatible set of connecting cables. The following parameters of the reference cell are certified: Isc, Imax, Voc, Vmax, Pmax, Area, Fill Factor and Efficiency. The certification is accredited by NIST to the ISO-17025 standard and is traceable both to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), and to the International System of Units (SI). A compatible cable set is also supplied with each Solar Reference Cell.
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AC Reference Modules
Reference Module
NAI offers a variety of AC reference modules that provide a drive capability to 5 VA. The units are transformer-isolated and operate over a frequency range from 47 Hz to 10 kHz. These modules are specifically designed for rugged defense, commercial aerospace, and industrial applications.
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Product
E-Band Signal Analysis Reference Solution
Reference Module
The E-band signal analysis reference solution provides an effective measurement solution for today’s wideband signals as well as emerging communications standards. With the M1971E waveguide harmonic mixer, which provides a 55 to 90 GHz input; Keysight oscilloscopes, which provide excellent signal integrity; and the powerful 89600 VSA software, you have a high-quality wideband measurement solution. A simple user interface also provides integrated mixer setup, correction and LO optimization, allowing for accurate measurements.
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Reference Cells For PIV-IV Systems
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NREL calibrated cell used for calibration transfer.The Abet Technologies solar reference cell is a precision instrument for the determination of solar simulator irradiance levels. The sensor is a mono-crystalline silicon solar cell having an area of2x2cm(4cm).The back of the solar cell is attached to the device in such a way that a good heat transfer to the device housing is guaranteed. Below the solar cell a Pt100 RTD temperature sensor is mounted to allow monitoring of device temperature. The device is not shunted allowing the whole IV-curve to be measured. The solar cell is protected by a high quality fused silica window, assuring spectral sensitivity over a 320 -1100 nm range.
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Product
Solar Cell Tester
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Jiangsu Keyland Laser Technology Co., Ltd.
Features:- Up to standard IEC60904 & JISC8933- 24 hrs continuous working , over 300,000 flash- Siemens PLC system adopted- 10 Parameters display
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Product
PV Reference Cells
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Our silicon-based solar irradiance sensors (Si-Sensors) measure the irradiance intensity on your photovoltaic system with utmost precision.
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Solar Simulator for Multijunction Solar Cells
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For series connected multijunction cells, at a given spectrum (e.g. AM 1.5 or AM 0 for space solar cells), one of the cells will limit the current in the series connection of cells. All solar simulators deviate from the true AM 1.5 spectrum, and they are only classified in wide spectral bands (100nm width). So even for class A or A+ solar simulators, it can easily happen that the bandgaps of the multijunction cells are such distributed that the 'wrong' cell will limit the current, if a solar simulator with fixed spectrum is used. In the 70s and 80s, when these measurements were first developed, intercomparisons showed deviations of cell efficiency in fixed spectrum solar simulators of more than 40%.
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Reference Cells
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Reference cell is used for measuring and setting the intensity of solar simulators for one sun (or other user desired) intensity condition. They are also used to calibrate the IV Measurement system photo-detector intensity to match the measured ISC to calibrated ISC.
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Product
Fully Automatic Solar Cell
Module Laminator-H
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1. Model: BSL2236OAC-H2. Effective lamination area: 2200mm × 3600mm3. Dimensions: length 17410mm × width 3665mm × height 2164mm4. Heating method: heat conduction oil heating5. Compressed air source pressure: 0.6～0.8MPa6. Working vacuum degree: 100～40Pa7. Evacuation rate: 70L/S8. Temperature control accuracy: ±1.5°C9. Temperature control range: room temperature - 180°C10. Temperature uniformity: effective lamination area≤±2℃11. Lamination chamber height: 30mm12. Evacuation time: depending on the process, it is recommended to take 5 to 8 minutes13. Upper cover stroke: 300mm
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Solar Cells
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Using high-efficiency solar panels made of silicon solar cells, the conversion rate as high as 16%, and attenuation, good reliability, long life. Frame using a high-quality anodized aluminum edge, high mechanical strength, ensuring a high level of wind resistance and anti-riot performance, can be adapted to a variety of complex and harsh climatic conditions used.
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SOLAR CELL TESTER
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The tester is designed for terrestrial solar cell incoming/outcoming inspection with the purpose of checking and optimizing parameters and preventing manufacture defects of solar modules. Solar cells are not heated in process of inspection due to the use of xenon pulse lamp installed in the tester.
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Reference Transmitter
81491A
Transmitter
Keysight's 81491A Reference Transmitter is designed to offer excellent eye quality for NRZ and PAM4 signals at baud-rates up to 32Gbaud and can serve as universal E/O converter. It comes in Multimode (MM) and Single-Mode (SM) flavors and includes internal lasers at 850nm (MM) or 1310&1550nm (SM). External optical input for usage with tunable laser sources is available for SM option. It is fully integrated into Keysight’s Optical Receiver Stress Test solutions to address test requirements of IEEE 802.3 10,40,100 and 400GBASE optical standards.
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Solar Simulator
Unisim Compact Solar Simulator
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The Unisim Compact is a low-cost close-match solar simulator that provides the world-leading spectral match of our award winning Unisim solar simulators in a compact, bench top unit complete with IV measurement system. As with all our Unisim solar simulators, they exceed the ASTM, IEC and JIS international standards for spectral match and temporal instability. The easy-maintenance enclosure houses a TS-Space Systems 2-zone Unisim solar simulator which combines metal halide and incandescent sources via a proprietary filter system to give an AM0 close-match spectrum (AM1.5 drop-in filter sets are available). The standard system includes an embedded source meter with complete IV measurement system (Computer, GPIB interface, IV software, MS Excel), relative irradiance indicator for monitoring lamp intensity and an electrical shutter. Product support is very important to us. Training is provided at our premises where customers can take advantage of one-on-one tuition with the solar simulator designers and learn how to operate and maintain their tools. Extensive support via phone and email for the full lifetime of the instrument is included with every TS-Space Systems product.
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Solar Analyzers
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Max. solar system power (Pmax) search by Auto-scan: 1000V, 12A (12000W capability)The analyzer and the Remote Solar Detector is connected by Bluetooth wireless communication (Bluetooth 2.1 + EDR Class 1)The Remote Solar Detector is moisture-proofIntelligent test logic with no personnel attendance required in the field Solar system analyzer waits and tests the system until appropriate sunlight irradiance is detectedMax. voltage (Vpm) at Pmax, Max. current (Ipm) at Pmax Voltage at open circuit (Voc), Current at short circuit (Isc)Efficiency (%) calculation of solar systemTemperature measurement of solar panelsIrradiance measurement of sun lightSeries resistance (Rs) calculation of solar panelsWith data logging/open function, the I-V curves of solar system can be analysed / recorded for a period of time (e.g. 60 min.)Conversion of I-V curve under OPC to data under standard test condition (STC) based upon IEC standardProvide Operating Condition (OPC) and Standard Test Condition (STC) test reports for verification of solar panel performance (OK or NO OK)Users can set up the parameters of solar panelsUsers can set up the series number of solar panels. Parameters of many solar panels can be measured in one measurementThe Irradiances and Temperatures of solar panels can be continuously measured, monitored and recordedContinuously measure/monitor/record the DC power output of solar system and the AC power output of inverter (1 phase or balanced 3 phases)Calculate the efficiency of DC to AC power conversion and the efficiency of the max.output power
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Frequency Reference
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Quartzlock time and frequency standards offer a complete range of cost effective and low noise in both atomic controlled (rubidium oscillator) and GPS controlled (off-air) time and frequency reference, calibrators and standards. These acurate time and frequency references are used in telecoms, aviation, nautical and precision test and measurement enviroments.
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Reference Detect Switch
RDS Series 1.5” x 1.5” x 0.6”
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*Connectorized Package *Internal/External Reference Detect Switch *Standard Internal TCXO (±2.5 ppm) *Optional Internal OCXO (±90 ppb)
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Series Voltage References
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Analog Devices offers a broad line of series voltage references with low dropout, low power, and excellent line regulation. These devices are voltage references that are functionally similar to a three-terminal regulator. Some series voltage references are designed to also operate in shunt mode by biasing the output pin and leaving the input pin open circuit. Series mode voltage references have the advantage that they draw only load and quiescent current from the input supply.
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Primary Reference Source
VCH-1008C
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The primary reference source VCH-1008C is designed to form highly stable signals used in digital communication networks as the first level of the hierarchy. The use of digital technologies for the formation and processing of signals allows you to realize the best stability characteristics.
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Solar InspectionSystems
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Exact measurements and sorting criteria make it possible to quickly recognize problems in the process quality and to react immediately. This allows increasing the production yield and guaranteeing reproducible quality in the final inspection.With an Intego system, you get an individually designed inspection system, which fits optimally in your specific production process. The modular construction of our systems is based on developed and tested standard components.
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Portable Solar Reflectometer
CONDOR
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Condor is a portable reflectometer designed for field measurement of reflectivity in the solar field in less than 10 seconds with a high accuracy and precision. It can be applied to both flat and curved reflecting surfaces of up to 4 mm thickness.
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Cell Testing
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PEC offers a wide range of cell testers, starting from the 5A desktop test system (ACT0505), to our range of 50A cell testers for more standardized cycling (CT0550) and our advanced cell testers with capabilities up to 4000A (ACT0550). All systems support parallel switching for achieving higher currents.
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Direct Burial Half Cell Reference Electrode
DB-A
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Model DB-A Copper-Copper/Sulfate Reference Electrode designed for direct burial for long term monitoring of buried or earth contacting structures.
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Primary Reference Generator
VCH-001
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The Primary Reference Generator (PEG) VCH-001 is designed to generate the highest accuracy clock signals in a digital communication network. Main areas of application: – synchronization in telecommunication networks.
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Product
Solar Cell I-V Characterization System
VS6825
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Industrial Vision Technology Pte Ltd.
The VS-6825A I-V test system is tailored for high-efficiency Solar cell production lines. It is able to eliminate the impact of HJT/IBC/TOPCON’s high capacitance characteristics on measurement results.
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Solar Simulation Systems
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PET Solar Simulators consist of a Light Source with a built-in Lamp Power Supply. The Solar Simulator has an ellipsoidal reflector that surrounds the lamp and collects most of the lamp output. The radiation from the lamp is focused onto an optical integrator that helps produce a uniform diverging beam. The beam is diverted 90° by a mirror onto a collimating lens. Special filters are placed between the mirror and the collimating lens to shape the radiation spectra to match various air masses. The output is a uniform beam that closely matches the sun's radiation spectra for a given air mass. Various models offer different areas of illumination. Each model can be manufactured to simulate the sun's radiation for different air masses.
